| 单词 | Treaty obligation |
| 释义 | 條約義務 An obligation imposed on each party who has ratified, or acceded to, an international treaty, to fulfil the obligations agreed to. A failure to meet such an obligation becomes a matter of international complaint. Such an obligation can be implemented in the Hong Kong SAR either by the inclusion of a national law under Annex III of the Basic Law pursuant to art 18 thereof or by the making of legislation of the Hong Kong SAR by the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong SAR. The general principle concerning the transmission and extinction of treaty rights and obligations is the principle of the moving treaty frontier, whereby the territory passes completely out of the treaty régime of the former sovereign and into the treaty régime of the successor sovereign. For the transfer of territory’s sovereignty, such as the case of the Hong Kong SAR, it is usually done in accordance with an agreement between the states concerned. The words of the statute should be interpreted by the court as being intended to carry out the state’s international treaty obligations and not in any manner inconsistent therewith provided the words of the statute are reasonably capable of bearing such meaning: Garland v British Rail Engineering Ltd [1983] 2 AC 751 (HL); R v Sin Yau-ming [1992] 1 HKCLR 127. See also Treaty. 加諸於已認可或已加盟某國際條約的每一方的義務，即須履行已協議的義務。如未能履行此等義務，則可成為國際申訴的事宜。可透過下列的方法在香港特別行政區履行此等義務：根據《基本法 》第18條在《基本法》附件三包括國家適用的法律、或由香港特別行政區立法會制訂成為香港特別行政區的法例。涉及條約權利及義務的傳轉及終絕的一般原則是條約邊界改動的原則，即有關的地區完全越過前有主權的條約，並轉移至繼任主權的統治之下。就地區主權轉移而言（例如香港特別行政區的情況），通常會根據有關國家之間的協議作出。法規的字眼應由法院詮釋，如法規的字眼可合理地附有有關的意思，則可以詮釋為旨在履行有關國家的國際條約義務，並與此同時不可有任何方式的抵觸：Garland v British Rail [1983] 2 AC 751（上議院）; R v Sin Yau-ming [1992] 1 HKCLR 127。另見 Treaty。 |
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