| 单词 | Right to begin |
| 释义 | 開展審訊的權利 The right of one side to address the court or jury first at a hearing or trial. The right to begin is granted to the party on whom the onus of proof rests (Grunther Industrial Developments Ltd v Federated Employers Insurance Assn Ltd [1973] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 394 (CA)), usually the plaintiff in civil proceedings and the prosecution in criminal proceedings. In civil proceedings, the normal rule is that the plaintiff should begin by opening his case: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 35 r 7(2). However, where the burden of proof of all the issues in the action lies on the defendant or, where there are two or more defendants and they appear separately, on one of the defendants, the defendant or that defendant, as the case may be, has the right to begin: O 35 r 7(6). As the onus of proof can be varied by agreement, so the right to begin may be affected by any appropriate contractual term: Levy v Assicurazioni Generali [1940] AC 791, 3 All ER 427 (PC). 訴訟的一方首先在聆訊或審訴向法院或陪審團陳詞的權利。有舉證責任的一方獲授予開始的權利(Grunther Industrial Developments Ltd v Federated Employers Insurance Association Ltd [1973] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 394 （上訴法院）) ，通常是民事訴訟案的原告和刑事訴訟案的控方。在民事訴訟程序，通常的規則是原告人須藉開展其案而先開始：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第35號命令第7(2)規則。凡訴訟中所有爭論點的舉證責任均在於被告人，或凡被告人有2名或多於2名並各自出庭或各自有律師代表，而該舉證責任在於其中一名被告人，則被告人或該名被告人（視屬何情況而定）即有權開展審訊：第35號命令第7(6)規則。鑒於可以協議變更舉證責任，因而可以任何適當的合約條款影響開展的權利：Levy v Assicurazioni Generali [1940] AC 791, 3 All ER 427 （樞密院）。 |
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