| 单词 | Unilateral contract |
| 释义 | 單方義務合約 A contract in which an offer is made in the form of a promise to be accepted by the performing of an act: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 (CA). It is usually the offeror who makes the promise: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, supra. Performance of the act called for with the intention of accepting the offer constitutes both the acceptance of the offer and the furnishing of consideration by the offeree. The offer to enter into a unilateral contract is accepted on commencement of performance, even though completion of performance is a condition precedent to the offeror’s liability to perform his promise: Errington v Errington and Woods [1952] 1 KB 290, 1 All ER 149 (CA). A unilateral contract may never give rise to any obligation on the part of the promisor; it will only do so on the occurrence of the event specified in the contract, namely the doing (or refraining from doing) by the promisee of a particular thing: United Dominion Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aircraft Services Ltd, United Dominion Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aviation Ltd [1968] 1 All ER 104, 1 WLR 74 (CA). Typical examples are offers of reward for the giving of certain information or offers of reward for the return of lost property. See also Acceptance; Bilateral contract; Consideration; Contract; Offer. 其以承諾的方式作出要約的合約，藉履行某行為而接納該承諾：Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256（芵國上訴法院）。通常由要約人作出該承諾：Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 見上文。在擬接納要約的情況下履行所要求作出的行為，則同時構成承約及受要約人提供代價。即使完成履行某行為是要約人履行其承諾的法律責任的先決條件，訂立單方義務合約的要約是在開始履行該行為時獲接納：Errington v Errington and Woods [1952] 1 KB 290, 1 All ER 149（芵國上訴法院）。單方義務合約不會致使承諾人產生任何責任，除非在該合約指明的事情一旦發生的情況下，即受諾人作出或不作出某特定事情：United Dominion Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aircraft Services Ltd, United Dominion Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aviation Ltd [1968] 1 All ER 104, 1 WLR 74（芵國上訴法院）。典型的例子有：為給予若干資料或為交還失物而提供酬賞。另見 Acceptance; Bilateral contract; Consideration; Contract; Offer。 |
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