| 单词 | User pays |
| 释义 | 買者自付 The concept that the persons who use a product, service or facility are charged a portion of the cost of providing them, so that the amount of subsidy from the general revenue (taxpayers’ money) will be reduced. The consumers of services are charged the whole marginal cost of providing that service, both capital and running. Each consumer theoretically pays the difference in the costs to the system incurred with and without that consumer. The concept has considerable merit in relation to the main body of consumers in ensuring a rational and efficient use of resources in respect of any service, for an undue disparity between costs and prices will lead to a distortion in demand and, if prices are too low, an undue allocation of community resources through an inflated demand. The ‘User Pays’ principle is being gradually adopted by the Hong Kong SAR Government as the underlying principle for government fees and charges, especially towards waste disposal and pollution. See also Demand; Marginal cost. 一個概念說明，由使用某產品、服務或設施的人支付提供該產品、服務或設施的成本部分，使 從政府一般收入（納稅人金錢）資助的金額減少。服務的消費者支付提供該服務的邊際成本（資本成本及連續成本）。每名消費者理論上支付如涉及該消費者及如不涉及該消費者的機制的成本差額。就大部分消費者而言，這概念有重大的可取之處，即確保合理及有效率地運用涉及任何服務的資源，因為成本與價錢之間的過度差異，會致使需求扭曲，及若價格太低，會致使社會資源藉膨脹的需求出現不當的分配。「用者自付」的原則漸漸獲香港特區政府所採用，以作為政府收費的基礎原則，尤其是就廢物處置及污染的收費。另見 Demand; Marginal cost。 |
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