单词 | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 |
释义 | 1966年公民和政治權利國際公約 Abbr – ICCPR. A covenant which builds upon and develops some of the clauses of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, yet because of its status as a treaty under international law, it creates binding obligations on the State parties to it. It was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 16 December 1966 and opened for signature on 19 December 1966. Entry into force (generally): 23 March 1976 in accordance with article 49 (for all provisions except those of article 41); 28 March 1979 for the provisions of article 41 in accordance with article 41(2). The Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance was enacted to provide for the incorporation into the law of Hong Kong of provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as applied to Hong Kong: Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap 383) ss 2(3), 4. The ICCPR includes 27 articles which specifically define and circumscribe a number of rights and freedoms. An absolute and immediate obligation is imposed on the State parties to respect and ensure the rights and freedoms to all individuals subject to its jurisdiction. The ICCPR also establishes a Human Rights Committee which has competence in relation to several specific matters: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 art 247. Accession by a State party to the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 enables individuals who have exhausted their remedies in the State to complain to the Human Rights Committee about violations of the Covenant. 縮寫 ─ ICCPR。建立並為發展《1948年聯合國人權宣言》而訂立的公約,因為它為根據國際法訂定的條約,它對各締約國產生具強制性義務之地位。它由聯合國代表大會於1966年12月16日採納並於1966年12月19日開始接受簽名。1976年3月23日起生效(一般性的):根據第49條(所有條文除第41條);1979年3月28日根據第41(2)條所有第41條的規定。《香港人權法案條例》的制定是為把《1966年公民和政治權利國際公約》適用於香港的規定收納入香港法律:《香港人權法案條例》(第383章)第2(3)及4條。ICCPR包括27條界定及劃分出若干項權利及自由的條例。它對締約國施加絕對及即時的義務,即尊重及保護受該國管轄的個人之各種權利及自由。ICCPR亦設立人權事務委員會,其權限範圍涉及几項特定的事宜:《1966年公民和政治權利國際公約》第247條。正式接受《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約[第一]任擇議定書》的締約國,使個人在國內用盡所有法律補救後,能向人權事務委員會就違反公約作出投訴。另見人權事務委員。 |
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