| 单词 | Lord Chancellor |
| 释义 | 大法官兼上議院議長 Abbr – LC. In the United Kingdom, the head of the judiciary. The Lord Chancellor presides over the House of Lords and is a member of the Cabinet. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Crown on the nomination of the Prime Minister and if not already a peer, becomes one by virtue of appointment. The Lord Chancellor is also the head of the Court of Appeal (although rarely sits in that court) and of the Chancery Division of the High Court, and is keeper of the Great Seal. Originally, the Chancellor was an ecclesiastic and a member of the Curia Regis (King’s Council) which sat as a court to decide important cases. The Chancellor’s jurisdiction grew from keeping the Great Seal, necessary to issue writs, and from receipt of petitions as a delegate of the king. By the 1400s, it was acknowledged that the Chancellor sat as a court, being a court of conscience. By tradition, the Lord Chancellor sits on the woolsack when presiding over the House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor makes recommendations for the appointment of Lords Justices of Appeal, and appoints High Court judges, circuit judges, and other legal officers: (UK) Great Seal (Offices) Act 1874 s 3. See also Conscience; House of Lords. 縮寫 ─ LC 英國司法機關的首長。大法官兼上議院議長主持上議院，並且是內閣成員之一。大法官兼上議院議長經首相提名，由皇室委任，如被提名人原來並非議員，憑藉著委任他即成為一名議員。大法官兼上議院議長亦為上訴法庭的首長（雖然他很少聽審）及高等法院的大法官法庭的首長，並且為國璽大臣。原來的大法官兼上議院議長乃神職人員，及國王的法庭(Curia Regis)成員，國王的法庭以法庭形式聽審並對重要的案件作出裁定。大法官兼上議院議長的管轄權由為發出令狀而需要保管國璽，及以國王的代表身份接收請願續漸擴大。到15世紀時，大法官兼上議院議長已被確認為以法庭形式（即良心法庭）聽審。大法官兼上議院議長傳統上坐在羊毛坐墊的席位上主持上議院的會議。大法官兼上議院議長就上訴法院常任法官的委任作出推薦，他並委任高等法院法官、巡迴法官及其他律政人員：1874年英國《國璽（官職）法》。另見 Conscience; House of Lords。 |
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