| 单词 | Agency |
| 释义 | 代理／代理行 A relationship where one person (the agent) has power to affect the legal relation of a principal, with third parties: International Harvester Co of Australia Pty Ltd v Carrigan’s Hazeldene Pastoral Co (1958) 100 CLR 644; Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 1, Agency [15.001]. Whether agency exists is determined by testing the agreement between the alleged principal and agent or their conduct or the circumstances of the relationship between the alleged principal and agent; it is not determined merely by the words used by the parties themselves: Norwich Fire Insurance Society Ltd v Brennans (Horsham) Pty Ltd [1981] VR 981. Although agency involves at least three relationships: the principal and agent relationship, the principal and third party relationship, the agent and third party relationship, the core of agency is the principal and third party relationship. Agency can be created by an agreement expressed in words. Normally, this consists of an appointment by the principal and acquiescence by the agent. Agency can also be created by an implied agreement, that is by words or conduct or both, from which consent can be inferred. Apart from agency by agreement, a relationship of agency can also be created by ratification, by estoppel or by operation of law. After the agency is terminated, the agent is entitled to commission on repeat orders when such order for substantially the same goods as had been bought by the customer during the agency if an agreement or course of dealings so provided: Wu v Tsoi Kay & Anor [1998] 2 HKLRD L29 (CA); Roberts v Elwells Engineers Ltd [1972] 2 All ER 890, 2 QB 586 (CA). See also Agent; Agency by estoppel; Agency of necessity; Apparent authority; Capacity; Express agency; Implied agency; Implied authority; Power of attorney; Principal; Ratification; Third party. 代理人跟委託人的關系，代理人可以影響委託人跟第三者的法律關系：International Harvester Co of Australia Pty Ltd v Carrigan’s Hazeldene Patoral Co (1958) 100 CLR 644; Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第1冊，代理，第[15.001]段。代理關係的存在取決於指稱委託人和代理人之間的協議、該兩者的行為或指稱委託人和代理人之間的關係的情況，而並不僅取決於各方本身所用的語言文字：Norwich Fore Insurance Society Ltd v Brenmans (Horsham) Pty Ltd [1981] VR 981。雖然代理涉及最少三個關係：委託人跟代理人的關係、委託人跟第三者的關係、代理人跟第三者的關係，但最重要的是委託人跟第三者的關係。代理可以藉由語言文字明訂的協議訂立。通常包括由委託人作出委任和代理人的默許。代理也可藉隱含協議訂立，即透過語言文字或行為或該兩者，從中推斷得出默許。除了藉協議訂立的代理外，代理關係亦可藉確認、不容反悔法或法律的施行訂立。代理關係終結後，當顧客重複發出同一訂單，與代理關係時一直購買的貨物實質上相同，若協議或交易過程 有規定，則該代理人就該等訂單享有佣金：Wu v Tsoi Kay & Anor [1998] 2 HKLRD L29（上訴法院）; Roberts v Elwells Engineers Ltd [1972] 2 All ER 890, 2 QB 586（英國上訴法院）。另見 Agent; Agency by estoppel; Agency of necessity; Apparent authority; Capacity; Express agency; Implied agency; Implied authority; Power of attorney; Principal; Ratification; Third party。n. |
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