| 单词 | Hearsay |
| 释义 | 傳聞 A statement made otherwise than by a person while giving oral evidence in the proceedings which is tendered as evidence of the matters stated: Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) s 46. Hearsay evidence is inadmissible in any criminal proceedings as evidence of any fact asserted: R v Sharp [1988] 1 All ER 65, 1 WLR 7, 86 Cr App Rep 274; R v Lee Fung Hing [1986] HKC 244 (HC). The main reason for the rule is the difficulty of assessing the weight to be given to evidence which has not been tested by cross-examination: R v Blastland [1985] 2 All ER 1095, 81 Cr App Rep 266, [1986] AC 41 (HL). The hearsay rule applies only to out-of-court statements tendered for the purpose of directly proving that the facts are as asserted in the statement: Wong Wai Man v HKSAR [2000] 3 HKC 733, 3 HKLRD 313 (CFA). A number of exceptions to the rule against hearsay arise both at common law and under statute. Exceptions exist in regard to documentary hearsay; statements in relation to the existence of the bodily or mental condition of the maker; declarations made by deceased persons; statements of facts forming part of the res gestae; certain depositions; certain evidence on previous occasions; certain written statements and certificates; evidence of reputation to prove a marriage in criminal proceedings other than for bigamy; statements in the presence of a party; confessions; and finally statements contained in public records. Hearsay evidence should not be excluded on the ground that it is hearsay in any civil proceedings: Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) s 47(1). See also Admission; Business records; Confession; Document; Dying declaration; Res gestae; Similar fact evidence. 指並非由在有關法律程序中正在提供口頭證據的人所作出、但卻作為其內所述事宜的證據而提交的陳述：《證據條例》(第8章)第46條。在任何刑事法律程序中，傳聞證據不得被接納為任何宣稱事實的證據：R v Sharp [1988] 1 All ER 65, 1 WLR 7, 86 Cr App Rep 274；R v Lee Fung Hing [1986] HKC 244（高等法院）。此等規則的主要原因是難以在未經盤問作驗證的情況下，就證據的份量作出評估：R v Blastland [1985] 2 All ER 1095, 81 Cr App Rep 266, [1986] AC 41（上議院）。傳聞規則僅適用於在法庭外作出的陳述，而提出該陳述的目的是為直接證明在陳述書中宣稱的事實屬實：Wong Wai Man v HKSAR [2000] 3 HKC 733, 3 HKLRD 313（終審法院）。普通法及法規規有針對傳聞規則例外情況出現。傳聞規則的例外情況包括文件上的傳聞；有關作出陳述的人的身體或精神狀況的存在之陳述；死者作出的聲明；部分組成有關事實的事實陳述；若干供詞；過往情況的若干證據；特定書面陳述與證明書；在刑事法律程序中用以證明婚姻的名譽證據（重婚罪除外）；任何一方在場見證的陳述；供狀；以及載於公共紀錄中的陳述。在任何民事法律程序中，不得以任何證據屬傳聞為理由而豁除該證據：《證據條例》（第8章）第47(1)條。另見 Admission; Business records; Confession; Document; Dying declaration; Res gestae; Similar fact evidence。n. |
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