| 单词 | Private property |
| 释义 | 私人財產 Property owned on leasehold by the individuals, as opposed to public property or property owned by the government. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China protects according to law the right of citizens to inherit private property: Basic Law art 13. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall protect the right of private ownership of property in accordance with law: art 6. The concept of private property is significant as a social and political institution in Western society and in particular, provides the philosophical foundations of much of property law: for example, the notion of exclusive possession. Private property has been justified on various bases. John Locke provided a natural law theory by which property belongs to those whose labour has produced it. Jeremy Bentham advocated a utilitarian justification in that private property facilitates human happiness by creating an incentive for thrift and industry. Modern law scholars argue that the right to own property ensures that limited resources are efficiently used. See also Property. 由個別人士以批租土地的方式擁有的財產，與公共財產或由政府擁有的財產有別。 中國人民共和國的憲法根據法律保障公民繼承私人財產的權利：《中華人民共和國憲法》第13條。香港特別行政區依法保護私有財產權：第6條。私人財產在西方社會是重要的社會及政治制度，並特別為大部份的財產法提供哲理的基礎：例如獨有享有權的理論。私人財產在不同基礎上均有充分理由支持。John Locke 提倡自然法的理論，即財產屬於其勞力生產者。Jeremy Bentham主張功利主義的理論，即由於私人財產可激勵勤勞和節儉，因而可促進人類的福祉。現代法的學者認為擁有財產的權利可確保有效地運用有限的資源。另見 Property。 |
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