| 单词 | Satisfaction |
| 释义 | 清償 1.At common law, the discharge by a different performance, or some other substitute consideration, of a personal obligation, instead of strict performance. If there has not yet been a breach of obligation, the obligor and oblige may agree (an accord executory) that a different performance, or some other substitute consideration, will discharge the obligation. If the obligor provides the agreed substitute, this satisfaction discharges the original obligation. If the obligor does not provide it, the original obligation revives and is enforceable by the obligee. For example, a creditor may agree to accept as satisfaction the promise of the substituted obligation (British Russian Gazette and Trade Outlook Ltd v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1933] 2 KB 616 (CA)); or he may agree to accept only the actual performance of the substituted obligation (Morris v Baron & Co [1918] AC 1 (HL)). In the former case the original obligation will be discharged from the moment of the new agreement; in the latter case it will not be discharged until the substituted obligation has been performed: British Russian Gazette and Trade Outlook Ltd v Associated Newspapers Ltd, supra. 2. The gift of a thing with the intention that it be taken either wholly or partly in extinguishment of some prior claim of the donee: Lord Chichester v Coventry (1867) LR 2 HL 71. Satisfaction may occur when a covenant to settle property is followed by a gift by will or settlement in favour of the person entitled beneficially under the covenant (Lady Thynne v Earl of Glengall (1848) 2 HL Cas 131); a testamentary disposition is followed during the testator’s lifetime by a gift or settlement in favour of the devisee or legatee (Re Edwards (dec’d), Macadam v Wright [1958] Ch 168, [1957] 2 All ER 495 (CA)); or a legacy is given to a creditor (Re Whitehead, Whitehead v Street [1913] 2 Ch 56). In all cases of satisfaction the question is one of the intention of the settlor or testator: Leneham v Wall [1922] 1 IR 59. 3. The presumption in some older cases that an inter vivos payment or settlement satisfies an ordinary debt. See also Accord and satisfaction; Accord executory; Ademption; Election; Inter vivos. 1.在普通法，藉不同的履行或若干其他替代的代價以代替藉嚴格履行解除個人的責任。如尚未有違反責任，義務人和權利人可協議（未來有效的和解）以不同的履行或若干其他替代的代價解除責任。如義務人作出協議的替代債任，此償付會解除原本的責任。如義務人並沒有作出協議的替代債任，則會恢復原本的責任，而權利人可強制執行。例如債權人可能同意接受替代責任的承諾為償付（British Russian Gazette and Trade Outlook Ltd v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1933] 2 KB 616 （英國上訴法院））；或他可能同意只接受替代責任的實際履行 (Morris v Baron & Co [1918] AC 1（上議院）)。在接受替代責任承諾的情況，在有新協議的時候便會解除原本的責任；而在接受替代責任實際履行的情況，直到義務人已履行替代責任，才會解除原本的責任：British Russian Gazette and Trade Outlook Ltd v Associated Newspapers Ltd,見上文。 2. 意圖被完全或局部取得的東西的饋贈，以終絕若干受贈人之前的申索：Lord Chichester v Coventry (1867) LR 2 HL 71。當授予財產的契諾隨後接著遺囑饋贈或有利於根據契諾享有利益的人的授產安排(Lady Thynne v Earl of Glengall (1848) 2 HL Cas 131)；於立遺囑人在世時，遺產性質的產權處置隨後接著有利於土地遺產繼承人或非土地遺贈繼承人的饋贈或清償（Re Edwards (已去世), Macadam v Wright [1958] Ch 168, [1957] 2 All ER 495（英國上訴法院））；或遺贈給與債權人 (Re Whitehead, Whitehead v Street [1913] 2 Ch 56) ，即可產生清償。在所有清償的案件，爭議點是財產授予人或立遺囑人的意圖：Leneham v Wall [1922] 1 IR 59。 3. 在若干較為久遠的案件，推定在世時的繳存或償付清償一般的債務。另見 Accord and satisfaction; Accord executory; Ademption; Election; Inter vivos。n. |
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