| 单词 | Forfeiture of surety |
| 释义 | 沒收保證金 Action that may be taken by a court where an accused person, admitted to bail on condition that a surety be provided either by the accused person or another, fails to attend court as required by the bail undertaking. The court can require that the sum of money, or some part of it, that was guaranteed to ensure the accused’s attendance, be forfeited to the state. The sum to be forfeited is treated as if it were a security (Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227) s 64; District Court Ordinance (Cap 336) s 23) which is, in essence a civil debt owed to the Government enforceable by distress: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 9M. This does not alter the nature of the obligation on the surety but only the method of enforcing the debt due: R v Southampton Justices, ex p Green [1976] QB 11, [1975] 2 All ER 1073 (CA). The burden of proof is on the civil standard. The burden of satisfying the court that the full sum should not be forfeited rests on the person bailed or the surety: R v Keung Cam-yuen (No 2) [1988] 1 HKLR 427. That burden is a heavy one: R v Uxbridge Justices, ex p Heward-Mills [1983] 1 All ER 530, 1 WLR 56. See also Bail; Recognisance; Surety. 如被告人獲准予保釋，而條件是由被告人或另一人提供保證金，但被告人沒有按照承擔的保釋的規定出庭，則法院可採取的行動。法院可要求沒收用以保證被告人出庭的款項或其若干部分。被沒收的款項會被視為猶如該筆款項是保證一樣 （《裁判官條例》（第227章） 第 64條；《裁判官條例》（第 336章）第 23條），即可藉扣押方式強制執行對政府負有的民事債項：《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第 221章）第 9M條。這僅會更改執行到期應繳的債務的方法，而不會更改擔保人責任的性質：R v Southampton Justices, ex p Green [1976] QB 11, [1975] 2 All ER 1073 （芵國上訴法院）。舉證責任以民事標準為準。獲准保釋的人或擔保人有責任使法院信納不應沒收全部的款額：R v Keung Cam-yuen (No 2) [1988] 1 HKLR 427。此等責任的要求較嚴格：R v Uxbridge Justices, ex p Heward-Mills [1983] 1 All ER 530, 1 WLR 56。另見 Bail; Recognisance; Surety。 |
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