1. A lawsuit brought to establish a legal principle or right, to challenge existing principles and establish new ones, or to establish a precedent. 2. A selection of several cases in view of the large number of applicants as suitable vehicles for a determination by the court of the common issues, and to obtain rulings from the courts on points of law, in order to keep the volume of litigation within reasonable bounds and to conserve costs. In Hong Kong, there were some test cases in the right of abode cases: Ng Ka Ling & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 2 HKCFAR 4; Chan Kam Nga & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 2 HKCFAR 82. Also known as ‘Representative case’. See also Standing.
1.　提出以確立某法律原則或權利的訴訟，用以質疑現行的原則及確立新的原則、或確立先例／判例。2.　在考慮到大量申請人的情況下，選擇若干案件作為適當的手段，讓法院對共同爭論點作出裁定，及獲得法院就法律問題上的裁定，以便維持合理的訴訟數量及節省費用。香港有若干關於居留權案件的試驗案件：Ng Ka Ling & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 2 HKCFAR 4; Chan Kam Nga & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 2 HKCFAR 82。另稱「代表判例」。另見 Standing。

• Foreign law
• Foreign marriage
• Foreign note
• Foreign sovereign
• Foreign state immunity
• Foreign tort
• Foreign trust
• Foreman
• Sport
• Spouse
• Spouse visa
• Spy
• Squatter
• Squatter's title
• Squatting
• Squeeze out
• Staff
• Stale cheque
• Stalking
• Stamp duty
• Standard form contract
• Standard of care
• Standard of contractual duty
• Standard of liability
• Standard of proof