| 单词 | Exemplary damages |
| 释义 | 懲罰性損害賠償 Damages awarded in addition to general damages, where the court wishes not only to compensate the victim of a tort, but to punish the defendant. Exemplary damages may be awarded where there has been oppressive, arbitrary, or unconstitutional action by the servants of the government, and where the defendant’s conduct has been calculated by him to make a profit which may well exceed the compensation payable to the plaintiff: Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129, 1 All ER 367, 2 WLR 269 (HL). An award of exemplary damages cannot be made automatically against a policeman who had effected the plaintiff’s arrest: O’Connor v Hewitson [1979] Crim LR 46. The award for exemplary damages need not be for a specific sum separate from the other general damages: A-G of St Christoppher, Nevis & Anguilla v Reynolds [1979] 3 All ER 129, [1980] AC 637 (PC). Such damages are not compensatory in nature and extend beyond the general principle of damages that the injured person should be place, so far as money can do, in the position he or she would have been in had the tort not been committed. The court should not refuse exemplary damages by taking into account the financial position of the defendant: China Light and Power Co Ltd v Ford [1996] 2 HKC 23 (CA). Also known as ‘punitive damages’ or ‘retributive damages’. See also Aggravated damages; Damages; General damages; Special damages. 指凡法院不僅意欲對侵權行為下的受害人作出補償，並對被告人作出懲罰，則會在一般損害賠償以外判給的損害賠償。凡公務人員作出欺壓、無理或不合乎憲法的行為，此外，凡被告人作出該行為的目的是旨在賺取極為超逾可判給原告人的補償額的利潤，則法院可判給懲罰性損害賠償：Rookes v Barnard [1964] 1 All ER 367, AC 1129, 2 WLR 269 （上訴議院）。在針對執行拘捕原告人的警察的情況下，法院不可自動判給懲罰性損害賠償：O’Connor v Hewitson [1979] Crim LR 46。懲罰性損害賠償的判給無須是與其他一般損害賠償分開的特定數目：A-G of St Christoppher, Nevis & Anguilla v Reynolds [1979] 3 All ER 129, [1980] AC 637（樞密院）。此等損害賠償不屬補償性質，並引伸適用於損害賠償的一般原則以外，即在金錢所能達到的情況下，應使受傷害的人處於倘若被告人並無作出該項侵權行為而他本應會身處的處境。法院不應因顧及被告人的財政狀況，而拒絕判給懲罰性損害賠償：China Light and Power Co Ltd v Ford [1996] 2 HKC 23 （上訴法庭）。另見 Aggravated damages; Damages; General damages; Special damages。 |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。