| 释义 |
侵犯行為 OF - to pass across. Wrongful entry on to the land of another, without the consent of the person who has rightful possession of the land. See also Action in trespass; Action on the case; Conversion; Detinue; Tort.
Criminal law - The entry without right, authority, permission or justification by one person into land in the possession of another. There are offences related to trespassing. For example, it is an offence for someone who trespasses or allows any beast to trespass upon or in any messuage, tenement, cemetery or land vested in or under the control or management of any public officer or department whatsoever: Summary Offences Ordinance (Cap 228) s 4(30). Some public transport companies’ bylaws prohibit trespassing: for example, Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation By-laws (Cap 372B) bylaw 70. Trespass is also an element of the offence of burglary: Theft Ordinance (Cap 210) s 11; HKSAR v Ma Pui Ying [1998] 1 HKC 285 (CA). Where the issue is whether the accused entered in excess of a permission granted to him, the accused must be shown to know sufficient facts which make or ought to make him realise that he is acting in excess of permission: R v Jones, R v Smith [1976] 3 All ER 54. Where the accused has a licence or permission (whether that is acquired as a result of the invitation of the person in occupation of the premises or otherwise) to enter premises, but enters for a purpose alien to, or inconsistent with, the licence, he is a trespasser: HKSAR v Tiongson Patricia Manalad [2002] HKLRD 681 (CA). See also Burglary; Occupier’s liability; Trespass.
Tort - 1. Any direct transgression, misfeasance or offence contrary to law, which results in injury to another. 2. The tort of direct interference with the person, goods, or property of another without lawful justification. Trespass to the person takes the form of assault, battery, or false imprisonment. Trespass to property comprises trespass to land and goods. An action for trespass is available if the injured party can prove that there has been an infringement of his or her right to his or her person, property or good. All forms of trespass are actionable per se; that is, do not require proof of actual damage. See also Assault; Battery; False imprisonment; Tort; Trespass to chattels; Trespass to land; Trespass to person.
古法語 – 通過。在沒有擁有合法土地擁有權的人的同意之下，不當地進入他人的土地。另見 Action in trespass; Action on the case; Conversion; Detinue; Tort。
刑事法 - 在沒有權利、授權、許可或理由的情況下，某人進入另一人管有的土地。有涉及侵犯行為的罪行。例如任何人侵入或容許獸類侵入歸屬於公職人員或公共機關，或由公職人員或公共機關管轄或管理的任何宅院、物業單位、墓地或土地，即屬犯罪：《簡易程序治罪條例》（第228章）第4(30)條。若干公共交通工具公司的附例禁止侵犯行為：例如《九廣鐵路公司附例》（第372B章）附例70。侵犯行為亦是入屋犯法罪的一個元素：《盜竊罪條例》（第210章）第11條；HKSAR v Ma Pui Ying [1998] 1 HKC 285（上訴法庭）。凡問題在於被告人進入時，其准許是否超越獲予的准許程度，必須證明該被告人知悉足夠的事實，使他或應使他理解他在超越獲予的准許的情況下行事：R v Jones, R v Smith [1976] 3 All ER 54。凡該被告人有牌照或准許（不論是否由於管有該處所的人邀請而獲得）而進入處所，但進入的目的與該牌照偏離或不相符，則屬侵權者：HKSAR v Tiongson Patricia Manalad [2002] HKLRD 681（上訴法院）。另見 Burglary; Occupier’s liability; Trespass。
侵權法 - 1.任何直接違反法律而導致他人蒙受損害的錯誤、失當行為或罪行。 2. 在沒有合法理由下，直接侵擾他人的人身、貨物或財物。對人的侵犯包括襲擊、毆打及非法禁錮。對物的侵犯包括對土地的侵犯及對貨物的侵犯。如蒙受損害的一方可證明他／她的人身、財物或貨物的權利受侵犯，則可提出侵犯行為的訴訟。所有形式的侵犯行為本身可予以訴訟；即不須證明實際損害。另見 Assault; Battery; False imprisonment; Tort; Trespass to chattels; Trespass to land; Trespass to person.n. |