| 单词 | Rule of despair |
| 释义 | 絕望的規則 In the interpretation of wills, the rule that where two clauses in a will conflict, the later clause will prevail over the earlier clause: Re Potter’s Will Trusts, Re Thomson’s Settlement Trusts, Eckford v Thomson [1944] Ch 70. The rule of despair is sparingly applied by the courts as a rule of last resort. The rule that the later gift prevails is only used as a last resort when all attempts to reconcile the various provisions of the will have failed, ie the court can find nothing else to assist in determining the question (Taylor v Sturrock, Sturrock v Sturrock [1900] AC 225 (PC)) (including, in the case of the will of a testator who dies on or after 3 November 1995, direct evidence of his intention) (Re Gare, Filmer v Carter [1952] Ch 80, [1951] 2 All ER 863). It is subject to the rule that a prior gift should not be disturbed further than is necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the later disposition. 在解釋遺囑時，如遺囑的兩條條款互相抵觸，則較晚的條款會凌駕較早的條款：Re Potter’s Will Trusts [1944] Ch 70。法院不會輕易應用絕望的規則作為最後途徑的規則。當一切試圖協調遺囑不同條文的努力失敗，即法院不能發現其他協助決定問題的事項時，才會用較晚條款凌駕的規則作為最後的途徑 (Taylor v Sturrock, Sturrock v Sturrock [1900] AC 225 （樞密院）) （包括在死於１９９５年１１月３日或之後的立遺囑人的遺囑，其意圖的直接證據）：Re Gare, Filmer v Carter [1952] Ch 80, [1951] 2 All ER 863。但受制於此規則：只為使其後的處置生效的目的，才可干擾優先饋贈。 |
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