| 单词 | Rule of law |
| 释义 | 法治 The principle that every person and organisation, including the government, is subject to the same laws. The classic explanation of the rule of law is provided by Albert Venn Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (London: Macmillan, 1959, 10th Ed) ch 4. According to Dicey, the rule of law embodies three notions: rule under regular law or rules as opposed to the arbitrary wishes of people; the equal accountability of all, including government officials, before the law; and the rights and freedoms of the citizen being protected by the common law rather than by a constitutional bill of rights. John Finnis further elaborated on the principle of the rule of law with eight criteria: prospective rules; rules which are not open to a number of interpretations; promulgated rules; clear rules; rules which are coherent with one another; rules which are sufficiently stable to allow people to be guided by their knowledge of the content of the rules; the making of decrees applicable to relatively limited situations being guided by rules having the above qualities; and the people with authority to make, administer and apply the rules being accountable and actually administering the law consistently and in accordance with its tenor: Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). See also Certainty of law; Common law. 每個人和組織（包括政府）受制於相同法律的原則。Albert Venn Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (London: Macmillan, 1959年, 第10版) 第4章就法治作出典型的解釋。按照 Dicey, 法治包含三項假定：第一，根據常規法律的規則或相對人民無理意願的規則；第二，在法律面前對全民平等的責任承擔，包括政府官員；及市民的權利和自由由普通法而非憲法性質的人權法案保障。John Finnis 進一步以八項標準闡述法治的原則：第一，可預期的規則；第二，可被遵循的規則；第三，公布的規則；第四，清晰的規則；第五，互相協調的規則；第六，足夠穩定的規則，以允許人們依靠他們關於規則內容的知識而受規則的引導；第七，適用於相對有限情形的法令的制定受有以上特質的規則引導；第八，根據官方資格有權制定、執行及引用規則的人，要對規則負責，及要對法律的實際執行做到連貫一致並且與法律的要旨相符合：Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980年)。另見 Certainty of law; Common law。 |
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法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。