| 单词 | Public interest |
| 释义 | 公眾利益 1.An interest common to the public at large or a significant portion of the public and which may or may not involve the personal or proprietary rights of individual people. Public interest is not to be confused with what interests the public: British Steel Corp v Granada Television [1981] AC 1096, 1 All ER 417 (HL). The question whether a particular thing is in the public interest is a question of the times and is a question of fact: Postmaster General v Pearce [1968] 2 QB 463 (CA). It is to be decided in the light of all the circumstances and conditions as they exist at the present time notwithstanding that they would probably not have been specifically envisaged by the legislature when the relevant legislation was passed: Cartwright v Post Office [1969] 2 QB 62, 1 All ER 421. 2. In defamation law, a matter is of public interest whenever it is such as to affect people at large, so that they may be legitimately interested in, or concerned at, what is going on, or what may happen to them or other: London Artists Ltd v Littler [1968] 1 WLR 607. There is no exhaustive definition of a matter of public interest which is an issue for the judge to decide. The ethical standard of the news media and any proprietor of news media, and the proper duties and functions of the news media, have been held to be matters of public interest: Oriental Daily Publisher Ltd v Ming Pao Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 354. In order to be protected by qualified privilege, the publication by the press to the public must not just be matters of public interest but it must be in the public interest to publish the matters complained of: Li Tsze Sun v Ming Pao Newspaper Ltd [1996] 2 HKC 515 (HC). A claim to public interest immunity as defence in defamation cases can only be justified if the public interest in preserving the confidentiality of the document outweighs the public interest in securing justice: R v Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police, ex p Wiley [1995] 1 AC 274. See also Defamation; Fair comment; Public benefit. 1. 對正體公眾或絕大部分公眾的共同利益, 可牽涉或可能不會牽涉個別人士的個人權利或所有權權利。不應把公眾利益與公眾的興趣混淆: British Steel Corp v Granada Television [1982] AC 1096, [1981] 1 All ER 417 （上議院） 。一項個別事情是否有公眾利益的問題是時期的問題及事實的問題: Postmaster General v Pearce [1968] 2 QB 463 （英國上訴法院） 。儘管當有關的法例通過時， 立法機構可能不會指明訂下， 公眾利益因應於現時所有存在的情況和條件決定: Cartwright v Post Office [1969] 2 QB 62, 1 All ER 421。 2. 在誹謗法， 只要是影響正體公眾， 一項事宜便有公眾利益， 因而在法例上， 公眾對正在發生的事情或正在發生的事情可能對他們或其他人有利益或擔擾： London Artists Ltd v Littler [1968] 1 WLR 607 。在一項公眾利益上， 沒有盡列而並無遺漏的定義， 這是由法官決定的問題。新聞傳媒和任何新聞傳媒所有人的道德標準及新聞傳媒的正當責任和功能被視為屬於有公眾利益的事項: Oriental Daily Publisher Ltd v Ming Pao Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 354。為保障其應有的特權， 由報界對公眾發行的刊物必不可只是有關公眾利益的事宜， 但對被投訴的印刷事項必須有公眾利益: Li Tsze Sun v Ming Pao Newspaper Ltd [1996] 2 HKC 515 （高等法院） 。在誹謗的案件， 以豁免公眾利益為辯護的申索可具充分理由， 如保護文件的保密性的公眾利益在價值上超過確保公正的公眾利益: R v Chief Constable, W Midlands, ex p Wiley [1995] 1 AC 274。 另見 Defamation; Fair comment; Public benefit。 |
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