The identity of an individual with respect to his or her political status and allegiance to a state. A person’s nationality is determined by a state’s municipal law as a matter essentially within its domestic jurisdiction: Tunis and Morocco Nationality Decrees case 1923 PCIJ ser B No 4. Under international law there must be a genuine link between the individual and the state granting nationality: Nottebohm case (Liechtenstein v Guatemala), Second Phase 1955 ICJ 4. Nationality gives rise to a fundamental legal relationship between an individual and a state with enforceable reciprocal rights and duties. The Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China 1980 does not make any distinction between nationality and citizenship. However in the United Kingdom, the two terms are required to be distinguished carefully: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 13, Foreign Relations [190.170] note 1. It is distinct from domicile, which determines the civil status of an individual. See also Citizenship; Domicile; Domicile of origin; Naturalisation; Stateless person.
某獨立人士就其政治地位及向某國家效忠的身分。某人的國籍是由國家的國內法所決定，以作在其本地司法管轄權的範圍內的必需事項：Tunis and Morocco Nationality Decrees case 1923 PCIJ ser B No 4。根據國際法，在獨立人士與授予國籍的國家之間必須有真實的聯繫：Nottebohm case (Liechtenstein v Guatemala), Second Phase 1955 ICJ 4。國籍在獨立人士與國家之間產生基本的法律關係，並帶有可強制執行的交互權利及義務。《1980年中華人民共和國國籍法》並沒有就國籍及公民身分作出區別。但在英國，這兩個用語須謹慎地作出區分：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第13冊，對外關係，第[190.170]段，注腳1。國藉與居籍不同，居籍決定某獨立人士的公民身分。另見 Citizenship; Domicile; Domicile of origin; Naturalisation; Stateless person。n.

• Dissolution
• Dissolution of partnership
• Dissolved marriage
• Distinctiveness
• Distinguish
• Distrain
• Distress
• Distress damage feasant
• Distress for rent
• Distributable profits
• Distribute
• Distribution
• Distributor
• District Board
• District Council
• District Court
• District judge
• District registry
• Disturbance
• Diversionary program
• Divest
• Divided custody
• Dividend
• Dividend bonus plan
• Dividend cover